During the dry season in West Africa, a wind known as Harmattan blows from the Sahara Desert, affecting respiratory health. This period typically spans from November to March and is most felt in countries like Nigeria and Ghana. The Harmattan winds carry dust particles, pollutants, and allergens that can pose serious health risks, especially for those with respiratory issues and even healthy individuals.
The dry and dusty air of Harmattan can be harsh on the respiratory system, with fine dust particles easily inhaled, causing discomfort and worsening conditions like asthma and bronchitis. Reports have highlighted the impact of air pollution-related pneumonia deaths, particularly among children under five in Nigeria.
Experts emphasize the need for precautions during this season, suggesting regular vaccinations, medication adherence, and avoidance of extreme cold. Vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal infections is recommended, especially for vulnerable groups like the elderly and those with underlying health conditions.
Proper hydration, a balanced diet, and good hygiene practices are crucial for strengthening the immune system. Maintaining warmth indoors, avoiding allergens, and staying hydrated are key preventive measures. Experts stress the importance of early symptom management and regular check-ups to stay healthy during Harmattan.
Furthermore, experts advise on the significance of avoiding infections, especially untreated UTIs which can lead to severe complications. Drinking enough water, consuming fluids, and carrying inhalers for those with asthma are recommended preventive measures.
Protective measures such as wearing face masks, using humidifiers, and staying hydrated can help mitigate Harmattan’s effects on respiratory health. Public health awareness plays a vital role in managing risks associated with Harmattan, emphasizing hydration, moisturizing the skin, and protecting against dust exposure. Maintaining a balanced diet rich in vitamins and adhering to prescribed medications are crucial, especially for individuals with underlying health conditions. Regular handwashing is also encouraged to prevent the spread of respiratory infections.